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Thyroxine

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Thyroxine Identifiers CAS number[7488-70-2] PubChem853MeSHThyroxineSMILESNC(Cc1cc(I)c(Oc2cc(I)c(O)
c(I)c2)c(I)c1)C(O)=O Properties Molecular formulaC15H11I4NO4 Molar mass776.87 Except where noted otherwise, data are given for
materials in their standard state
(at 25 °C, 100 kPa)
Infobox disclaimer and references

Thyroxine, or 3,5,3',5'-tetra­iodothyronine (often abbreviated as T4), a form of thyroid hormones is the major hormone secreted by the follicular cells of the thyroid gland.

T4 is transported in blood, with 99.95% of the secreted T4 being protein bound, principally to thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG), and, to a lesser extent, to transthyretin and serum albumin. T4 is involved in controlling the rate of metabolic processes in the body and influencing physical development.

Note: Thyroxine is a prohormone and a reservoir for the active thyroid hormone triiodothyronine (T3). T4 is converted in the tissues by deiodinases to T3. The "D" isomer is called "Dextrothyroxine"[1] and is used as a lipid modifying agent.[2] The half-life of thyroxine once released into the blood circulatory system is about 1 week.

The hormone was synthesised in 1927 by British chemists Charles Robert Harington and George Barger.

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  1. ^ MeSH Dextrothyroxine
  2. ^ C10AX01
v • d • eEndocrine system: hormones/endocrine glands(Peptide hormones, Steroid hormones) Hypothalamic-pituitary Hypothalamus: TRH, CRH, GnRH, GHRH, somatostatin, dopamine- Posterior pituitary: vasopressin, oxytocin- Anterior pituitary: α(FSH, LH, TSH), GH, prolactin, POMC(ACTH, MSH, endorphins, lipotropin) Adrenal axisAdrenal medulla: epinephrine, norepinephrine- Adrenal cortex: aldosterone, cortisol, DHEAThyroid axisThyroid: thyroid hormone(T3and T4) - calcitonin- Parathyroid: PTHGonadal axisTestis: testosterone, AMH, inhibin- Ovary: estradiol, progesterone, inhibin/activin, relaxin(pregnancy) Other end. glands Pancreas: glucagon, insulin, somatostatin- Pineal gland: melatoninNon-end. glands Placenta: hCG, HPL, estrogen, progesterone- Kidney: renin, EPO, calcitriol, prostaglandin- Heart atrium: ANP- Stomach: gastrin, ghrelin- Duodenum: CCK, GIP, secretin, motilin, VIP- Ileum: enteroglucagon- Adipose tissue: leptin, adiponectin, resistin- Thymus: Thymosin- Thymopoietin- Thymulin- Skeleton: Osteocalcin- Liver/other: Insulin-like growth factor(IGF-1, IGF-2) Target-derived NGF, BDNF, NT-3
Categories: Thyroid hormones | Iodinated tyrosine derivativesHidden category: Articles to be merged since April 2008

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