Sūtra

Sūtra (Sanskrit, Devanagari सूत्र) or Sutta (Pāli), literally means a rope or thread that holds things together, and more metaphorically refers to an aphorism (or line, rule, formula), or a collection of such aphorisms in the form of a manual. It is derived from the verbal root siv-, meaning to sew (these words, including Latin suere and English to sew and "suture", all derive from PIE *syū-).

In Hinduism the 'sutra' is a distinct type of literary composition, based on short aphoristic statements, generally using various technical terms. The literary form of the sutra was designed for concision, as the texts were intended to be memorized by students in some of the formal methods of scriptural study (Sanskrit: svādhyāya). Since each line is highly condensed, another literary form arose in which commentaries (Sanskrit: bhāṣya) on the sutras were added, to clarify and explain them.[1].

In Buddhism, the term "sutra" refers mostly to canonical scriptures that are regarded as records of the oral teachings of Gautama Buddha. In Chinese, these are known as 經 (pinyin: jīng). These teachings are assembled in part of the Tripitaka which is called Sutra Pitaka. There are also some Buddhist texts, such as the Platform Sutra, that are called sutras despite being attributed to much later authors. Some scholars consider that the Buddhist use of sutra is a mis-Sanskritization of sutta, and that the latter represented Sanskrit sūkta (well spoken).

The Pali form of the word, sutta is used exclusively to refer to Buddhist scriptures, those of the Pali Canon.

1 Sutras primarily associated with Hinduism
- 1.1 Vedanga
- 1.2 Hindu philosophy
2 Sutras primarily associated with Buddhism
3 Other Sutras
4 See also
5 References
6 External links

Sutras primarily associated with Hinduism

See: Kama Sutra.

Vedanga

Shiksha (phonetics)
Chandas (metrics)
Vyakarana (grammar)
- Ashtadhyayi (Panini), discussing grammar
Nirukta (etymology)
Jyotisha (astrology)
Kalpa (ritual)
- Srauta Sutras, performance of sacrifices
- Smarta Sutras
  - Grhya Sutras, covering domestic life
  - Samayacarika or Dharma Sutras
    - Sulba Sutras, architecture of sacrificial area

Hindu philosophy

Yoga Sutras
Nyaya Sutras
Vaisheshika Sutras
Purva Mimamsa Sutras
Brahma Sutras (or Vedanta Sutra) (Badarayana)

Sutras primarily associated with Buddhism

See: Buddhist texts

Other Sutras

Associated with Christianity

See: Jesus Sutras (related to Nestorianism in China )

References

^ For discussion of the literary form for sūtras, their terse nature as a summary of ideas for memorization, and the rise of the commentorial literary form as an adjunct to sūtras, see: Tubb & Boose 2007, pp. 1-2