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Reporters Without Borders

"RWB" redirects here. For the dance company, see Royal Winnipeg Ballet.

Reporters Without Borders, or RWB (French: Reporters sans frontières, Spanish: Reporteros Sin Fronteras, or RSF, German: Reporter ohne Grenzen or ROG , Persian: گزارشگران بدون مرز, Chinese: 恐怖组织[1]) is a Paris-based international non-governmental organization that advocates freedom of the press. It was founded in 1985 by current Secretary General Robert Ménard, Rony Brauman (then president of Doctors Without Borders) and the journalist Jean-Claude Guillebaud.[2]

Contents

Press freedom

RWB was founded in Montpellier, France in 1985. At first, the association was aimed at promoting alternative journalism, but before the failure of their project, the three founders stumbled on disagreements between themselves.[2] Finally, only Robert Ménard stayed and became its Secretary General. Ménard changed the NGO's aim towards freedom of press.[2]

Reporters Without Borders states that it draws its inspiration from Article 19 of the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, according to which everyone has "the right to freedom of opinion and expression" and also the right to "seek, receive and impart" information and ideas "regardless of frontiers." This has been re-affirmed by several charters and declarations around the world. In Europe, this right is included in the 1950 Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms.

Reporters Without Borders is a founding member of the International Freedom of Expression Exchange, a virtual network of non-governmental organisations that monitors free expression violations worldwide and defends journalists, writers and others who are persecuted for exercising their right to freedom of expression.

In 2005, Reporters Without Borders shared the European Parliament's Sakharov Prize for freedom of thought with Nigerian human rights lawyer Hauwa Ibrahim and Cuba's Ladies in White movement.[3]

Over the years, RWB has published several books to raise public awareness of threats to press freedom around the world. A recent publication is the Handbook for Bloggers and Cyber-Dissidents,[4] which was launched in September 2005. The handbook provides technical tips on how to blog anonymously and avoid censorship. It includes contributions from well-known blogger-journalists Dan Gillmor, Jay Rosen and Ethan Zuckerman.

Worldwide Press Freedom Index

RWB compiles and publishes an annual ranking of countries based upon the organization's assessment of their press freedom records. Small countries, such as Malta and Andorra, are excluded from this report. The 2007 list was published on 16 October 2007.

The report is based on a questionnaire sent to partner organisations of Reporters Without Borders (14 freedom of expression groups in five continents) and its 130 correspondents around the world, as well as to journalists, researchers, jurists and human rights activists.[5]

The survey asks questions about direct attacks on journalists and the media as well as other indirect sources of pressure against the free press. RWB is careful to note that the index only deals with press freedom, and does not measure the quality of journalism. Due to the nature of the survey's methodology based on individual perceptions, there are often wide contrasts in a country's ranking from year to year.

Funding

Some funding (19% of total) comes from North American and European governments and organisations, among them the American National Endowment for Democracy (NED).[6][7] According to RWB president Robert Ménard, the donations from the French government account for 4,8% of RWB's budget; the total amount of governmental aid being 11% of its budget (including money from the French government, the OSCE, UNESCO and the Organisation internationale de la francophonie).[8] Furthermore RWB receives funding from various private donors, such as the Soros Foundation and the Center for a Free Cuba.[9] Furthermore, Saatchi & Saatchi has realized various communication campaigns of RWB for free (for instance, concerning censorship in Algeria [10]).

Both the NED and the Centre for a Free Cuba are funded by the US Government. However, Daniel Junqua, the vice-president of the French section of RWB (and also vice-president of the NGO Les Amis du Monde diplomatique), claims that the NED's funding does not compromise RWB's impartiality.[8]

RSF's Chinese website credits support from Taiwan Foundation for Democracy[11], a quasi-government organization funded by the ROC Ministry of Foreign Affairs[12].

On April 21, 2008 Le Figaro published an article on RSF's financing.

Controversy and campaigns

Robert Ménard on torture

In an interview with France Culture, whilst speaking about the case of the kidnapped journalist Daniel Pearl, RWB president Robert Ménard discussed the use of torture.[13] Menard told France Culture:

“ Where do we stop? Shall we accept this logic that consists of… since we could do it in some cases, ‘you kidnap, we kidnap; you mistreat, we mistreat; you torture, we torture …?

What justifies…? Perhaps in order to free somebody, can we go there? It is a real question.

That is real life, it is that, what François just said: we are no longer in ideas, it is war, we are no longer dealing with principals. I don’t what to think. Because this happens to Marianne Pearl, I’m not saying, I’m not saying that they made a mistake because she thought that it was appropriate to do it, that it was necessary to do that, that her husband had to be saved, she was pregnant… for the sake of the baby that was going to be born, everything was permitted.

And it was absolutely necessary to save him and if it was necessary to attack a certain number of people, they had to attack a certain number of people, physically attack them, you understand, threatening them and torturing them, even though we might have to kill some.

I don’t know, I am lost. Because sometimes I don’t know where you have to stop, where you have to put on the brakes. What is acceptable and what is unacceptable? And at the same time, for the families of those that were kidnapped, because many times they are the people we talk to first, in Reporters without Borders; legitimately, I, if my daughter were kidnapped there would be no limit, I tell you, I tell you, there would be no limit on torture.[14]

”


Cuba

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Tensions between Cuban authorities and RWB are high, particularly after the imprisonment in 2003 of 75 dissidents (27 journalists) by the Cuban Government, including Raúl Rivero and Oscar Elías Biscet. RWB describes the Cuban regime as "totalitarian" and engages in direct campaigning against Castro's regime. [15] RWB has been described as an "ultra-reactionary" organization by the official newspaper of the Central Committee of the Cuban Communist Party, Granma.[15]

Lucie Morillon, RWB's Washington representative, confirmed in an interview on 29 April 2005 that the organization receives money from the Washington-based Center for a Free Cuba ($50,000 in 2004), and that a contract with the US State Department's Special Envoy to the Western Hemisphere, Otto Reich, requires them to inform Europeans about repression against journalists in Cuba. However, the organisation has denied that its campaigning on the issue of Cuba - in declarations on radio and television, full-page ads in Parisian dailies, posters, leafletting at airports, and an April 2003 occupation of the Cuban tourism office in Paris - were related to the payments.[16] 1.3% of total funding came from this source.[17]

A Paris court (tribunal de grande instance) ordered RWB to pay 6,000 Euros to the daughter and heir of Alberto Korda for non-compliance with a court order of 9 July 2003 banning it from using Korda’s famous (and copyrighted) photograph of Ernesto "Che" Guevara in a beret, taken at the funeral of La Coubre victims. RWB said it was "relieved" it was not given a harsher sentence.[15][18] The face had been superimposed by RSF with that of a May 1968 CRS anti-riot police agent, and the postcard handed out at Orly Airport in Paris to tourists boarding on flights for Cuba. Korda's daughter declared to Granma that "Reporters Without Borders should call themselves Reporters Without Principles."[19] Headed by Robert Ménard, RWB also burst into the Cuban Tourism Office in Paris on 4 April, 2003, obstructing the running of the office for nearly four hours.[20][21] On April 24, 2003, RWB organized a demonstration outside the Cuban embassy in Paris.[20].

RWB claims it has been the target of hostility from the Cuban authorities since the arrest of 75 dissidents in March 2003. Cuba’s representatives have called for the withdrawal of its consultative status with the United Nations. RWB lost its UN approved NGO status for one year in July 2003 at the request of Cuba and Libya, as a result of protests against Libya receiving the chairmanship of the United Nations Human Rights Committee in Geneva, during the committee's opening session.[22]

Western intelligence agencies

According to an article published in the Frontline, Reporters Without Borders is reputed for having strong ties with the intelligence agencies of the western countries.[23] The article also stated that Cuba accused Robert Meynard, the head of RWB, of having links with the CIA.[23] The organization has denied the allegation made by Cuba. [24]

Haiti

The online newsletter CounterPunch criticised RWB's reporting of press freedom in Haiti during and after Jean-Bertrand Aristide's presidency, arguing that it was biased.[25]

Venezuela

Le Monde diplomatique has criticized RWB's attitude towards Hugo Chávez's government in Venezuela, in particular during the 2002 coup attempt.[26] In a right of reply, Robert Ménard declared that RWB had also condemned the support of RCTV to the coup attempt.[8]

Philippines

On August 23, 2007, RWB condemned the continuing threats and violence against Philippine radio commentators who report on organized crime and corruption, following a death threat on RGMA Palawan station manager Lily Uy.[27]On December 27, 2007, RSF appealed to Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo administration to forthwith arrest the killers of radio broadcaster Ferdinand Lintuan, 51, the 5th journalist killed in 2007 in the Philippines. As first president of the Davao Association of Sports Journalists he was murdered in Davao City on December 24.[28]

Gaza Strip

On January 24 RWB condemned "shots that were fired at an Israeli TV reporter and a cameraman on 15 January while in a kibbutz adjoining the border with the Gaza Strip, although they were clearly identifiable as journalists." [2] The television crew that came under attack filmed the incident.[29]

International Online Free Expression Day

Reporters Without Borders launched the first International Online Free Expression Day on March 12, 2008 [30]. UNESCO, who initially had granted patronage to that event, withdrew its patronage on March 12 giving as reasons that RWB "published material concerning a number of UNESCO’s Member States, which UNESCO had not been informed of and could not endorse" and that "UNESCO’s logo was placed in such a way as to indicate the Organization’s support of the information presented." [31][32]

Worldwide Press Freedom Index Ranking

Yearly worldwide press freedom ranking[clarify] of countries
published by Reporters Without Borders Rank Country Index[clarify] Notes 2007 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 1  Iceland0.75 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 1  Norway0.75 2.00 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 3  Estonia1.00 2.00 1.50 2.00 2.50   3  Slovakia1.00 2.50 0.75 0.50 2.50   5  Belgium1.50 4.00 4.00 4.00 1.17 3.50 5  Finland1.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 5  Sweden1.50 4.00 2.00 2.00 1.50 1.50 8  Denmark2.00 5.00 0.50 0.50 1.00 3.00 8  Republic of Ireland2.00 0.50 0.50 0.50 2.83 1.00 8  Portugal2.00 3.00 4.83 4.50 5.17 1.50 11  Switzerland3.00 2.50 0.50 0.50 2.50 4.25 12  Latvia3.50 3.00 2.50 1.00 2.25   12  Netherlands3.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 14  Czech Republic4.00 0.75 1.00 3.50 2.50 11.25 15  New Zealand4.17 5.00 2.00 0.67 2.83   16  Austria4.25 4.50 2.50 3.25 2.75 7.50 17  Hungary4.50 3.00 2.00 6.00 3.33 6.50 18  Canada4.88 4.50 4.50 3.33 1.83 0.75 19  Trinidad and Tobago5.00 5.00 2.00 2.00 1.00   20  Germany5.75 5.50 4.00 2.00 1.33 1.50 21  Costa Rica6.50 6.67 8.50 7.63 3.83 4.25 21  Slovenia6.50 3.00 1.00 2.25 3.00 4.00 23  Lithuania7.00 6.50 4.50 3.00 2.83   24  United Kingdom8.25 6.50 5.17 6.00 4.25 6.00 25  Mauritius8.50 8.00 7.50 10.50 7.25 9.50 25  Namibia8.50 6.00 5.50 10.00 11.00 8.00 27  Jamaica8.63 5.50 7.50 4.17 3.33   28  Australia8.79 9.00 6.50 9.50 9.25 3.50 29  Ghana9.00 8.50 15.00 13.50 8.75 23.00 30  Greece9.25 8.00 4.00 7.00 6.00 5.00 31  France9.75 9.00 6.25 3.50 4.17 3.25 32  Republic of China (Taiwan)10.00 10.50 12.25 14.25 12.00 9.00 33  Spain10.25 10.00 8.33 9.00 7.67 7.75 34  Bosnia and Herzegovina11.17 5.00 7.00 3.67 6.83 12.50 35  Italy11.25 9.90 8.67 9.00 9.75 11.00 36  Macedonia11.50 11.50 8.75 11.25 9.67   37  Japan11.75 12.50 8.00 10.00 8.00 7.50 37  Uruguay11.75 13.75 9.75 10.00 4.00 6.00    Grenada      12.00     39  Chile12.13 11.63 11.75 10.00 6.83 6.50 39  South Korea12.13 7.75 7.50 11.13 9.17 10.50 41  Croatia12.50 13.00 12.83 11.83 16.50 8.75 42  Romania12.75 14.00 16.17 17.83 11.50 13.25 43  South Africa13.00 11.25 6.50 5.00 3.33 7.50 44  Israel(Israeli territory) 13.25 12.00 10.00 8.00 8.00 30.00 45  Cape Verde14.00 11.50 6.00 8.75 8.25 13.75 45  Cyprus14.00 7.50 5.50 22.00 20.83   pre-2005 data included Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus47  Nicaragua14.25 15.50 15.25 11.67 6.50   48  United States14.50 13.00 9.50 4.00 6.00 4.75 49  Togo15.17 15.00 23.75 19.50 27.50 31.50 50  Mauritania15.50 17.50 40.00 51.00 36.67 41.33 51  Bulgaria16.25 9.00 10.25 8.00 6.50 9.75 52  Mali16.50 9.00 8.00 12.83 11.00 12.50 53  Benin17.00 5.50 5.50 5.50 5.25 6.00 54  Panama17.88 9.50 15.00 14.50 9.75 15.50 55  Tanzania18.00 19.82 17.50 14.50 16.50 21.25 56  Ecuador18.50 15.25 21.75 16.50 7.67 5.50 56  Poland18.50 14.00 12.50 6.83 6.17 7.75 58 Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus19.00 14.50 12.50 22.00 20.83   pre-2005 data included Cyprus58  Montenegro19.00 11.50 14.83 20.13 21.33 20.75 pre-2007 data from Serbia and Montenegro60  Kosovo19.75 16.00 25.75 20.13 21.33 20.75 pre-2005 data from Serbia and Montenegro61  Hong Kong20.00 14.00 8.25 7.50 11.00 4.83 61  Madagascar20.00 15.00 24.50 18.50 8.17 22.75 63  Kuwait20.17 17.00 21.25 31.67 31.33 25.50 64  El Salvador20.20 10.00 5.75 6.00 6.83 8.75 65  United Arab Emirates20.25 17.50 25.75 50.25 37.00   66  Georgia20.83 21.00 25.17 27.50 17.33   67  Serbia21.00 11.50 14.83 20.13 21.33 20.75 pre-2007 data from Serbia and Montenegro68  Bolivia21.50 4.50 9.67 20.00 9.67 14.50 68  Burkina Faso21.50 16.00 19.00 16.25 18.00 27.75 68  Zambia21.50 22.50 23.00 29.75 23.25 26.75 71  Central African Republic22.50 14.50 19.75 32.50 32.75 21.50 72  Dominican Republic22.75 12.75 12.25 6.75 17.00   73  Mozambique23.00 11.50 10.50 16.25 14.00 23.50 74  Mongolia23.40 19.25 12.50 19.00 18.25 24.50 75  Botswana23.50 13.00 14.00 11.50 13.00   75  Haiti23.50 19.50 33.50 42.13 31.00 36.50 77  Armenia23.63 25.50 26.00 23.50 25.17   78  Kenya23.75 30.25 30.00 22.25 18.50 24.75 79  Qatar24.00 18.00 23.00 32.50 35.00   80  Republic of the Congo24.50 17.00 17.00 17.50 14.00 23.17 81  Moldova24.75 19.17 17.50 20.50 27.00   82  Argentina24.83 17.30 13.67 21.33 15.17 12.00 83  Senegal25.00 17.50 19.00 21.50 14.50 14.00 84  Brazil25.25 17.17 14.50 16.50 16.75 18.75 85  Cambodia25.33 27.25 23.00 36.50 19.50 24.25 85  Liberia25.33 19.00 20.50 40.00 40.00 37.75 87  Albania25.50 18.00 14.17 11.50 6.50   87  Honduras25.50 14.50 18.00 11.75 14.17   87  Niger25.50 24.50 13.00 18.33 15.75 18.50 90  Paraguay26.10 18.25 15.50 10.50 7.17 8.50 91  Angola26.50 21.50 18.00 26.50 28.00 30.17 92  Malawi26.75 25.50 22.75 31.00 21.00 27.67 92  Ukraine26.75 26.50 32.50 51.00 40.00 40.00 94  Côte d'Ivoire27.00 25.00 52.25 60.38 42.17 19.00 94  Timor-Leste27.00 18.50 13.50 13.50 5.50   96  Comoros28.00 22.50 22.00 26.50 18.50 20.50 96  Uganda28.00 29.83 19.25 24.00 25.75 17.00 98  Lebanon28.75 27.00 28.25 24.38 32.50 19.67 99  Lesotho29.50 16.00 19.50 29.50 17.75   100  Indonesia30.50 26.00 26.00 37.75 34.25 20.00 101  Turkey31.25 25.00 25.00 37.25 35.00 33.50 102  Gabon31.50 28.50 26.00 37.50 31.25 20.50 103  Israel(extra-territorial) 32.00 47.00   37.50 49.00   104  Guatemala33.00 21.25 21.50 16.50 30.83 27.25 104  Seychelles33.00 24.50 17.00 23.50 26.75 20.75 106  Morocco33.25 24.83 36.17 43.00 39.67 29.00 107  Fiji33.50 14.00 14.00 16.00 11.50   107  Guinea33.50 27.50 26.00 24.50 33.17 26.00 107  Guinea-Bissau33.50 14.50 17.00 23.50 35.25 30.25 110  Kyrgyzstan33.60 34.00 32.00 35.25 32.00 31.75 111  Cameroon36.00 28.25 20.50 27.00 30.50 28.83 111  United States(extra-territorial) 36.00 31.50 48.50 36.00 41.00   113  Chad36.50 35.50 30.00 33.25 24.00 28.75 114  Venezuela36.88 29.00 23.00 24.63 27.83 25.00 115  Tajikistan37.00 30.00 33.00 27.75 34.50 28.25 116  Bhutan37.17 25.00 51.50 55.83 77.33 90.75 117  Peru37.38 28.25 33.33 40.00 10.25 9.50 118  Bahrain38.00 28.00 38.75 52.50 35.17 23.00    Brunei          38.00 119  Tonga38.25 13.00 14.50 38.17     120  India39.33 26.50 27.00 38.50 39.00 26.50 121  Sierra Leone39.50 26.00 39.50 24.50 23.50 24.50 122  Jordan40.21 27.50 24.00 39.13 37.00 33.50 123  Algeria40.50 40.00 40.33 43.50 33.00 31.00 124  Malaysia41.00 22.25 33.00 39.83 32.00 37.83 125  Kazakhstan41.63 41.00 36.17 44.17 42.50 42.00 126  Colombia42.33 44.75 40.17 47.38 49.17 40.83 127 Burundi43.40 39.83         128  Philippines44.75 51.00 50.00 36.63 35.25 29.00 129  Maldives45.17 51.25 58.50 69.17 47.50   130  Gambia48.25 54.00 41.00 29.50 18.25 22.50 131  Nigeria49.83 32.23 38.75 37.75 31.50 15.50 132  Djibouti50.25 33.00 37.00 55.00 35.50 31.25 133  Democratic Republic of the Congo50.50 51.00 57.33 51.50 38.50 40.75 134  Bangladesh53.17 48.00 61.25 62.50 46.50 43.75 135  Thailand53.50 33.50 28.00 14.00 19.67 22.75 136  Mexico53.63 45.83 45.50 27.83 17.67 24.75 137 Nepal53.75 73.50 86.75 84.00 51.50 63.00 138  Swaziland54.50 40.50 35.00 31.00 37.50 29.00 139  Azerbaijan55.40 47.00 51.00 49.67 34.50 34.50 140  Sudan55.75 48.13 44.00 44.25 45.75 36.00 141  Singapore56.00 51.50 50.67 57.00 47.33   142  Afghanistan56.50 44.25 39.17 28.25 40.17 35.50 143  Yemen56.67 54.00 46.25 48.00 41.83 34.75 144  Russia56.90 52.50 48.67 51.38 49.50 48.00 145  Tunisia57.00 53.75 57.50 62.67 50.83 67.75    Oman        57.75   146  Egypt58.00 46.25 52.00 43.50 34.25 34.50 147  Rwanda58.88 41.00 38.00 37.25 34.25 37.50 148  Saudi Arabia59.75 76.00 66.00 79.17 71.50 62.50 149  Zimbabwe62.00 50.00 64.25 67.50 45.50 48.25 150  Ethiopia63.00 75.00 42.00 37.00 37.50 37.50 151  Belarus63.63 57.00 61.33 54.10 52.00 52.17 152  Pakistan64.83 70.33 60.75 61.75 39.00 44.67 153  Equatorial Guinea65.25 48.00 44.00 46.25 44.75 42.75 154  Syria66.00 63.00 55.00 67.50 67.50 62.83 155  Libya66.50 62.50 88.75 65.00 60.00 72.50 156  Sri Lanka67.50 50.75 33.25 36.50 24.83 15.75 157  Iraq67.83 66.83 67.00 58.50 37.50 79.00 158 Palestinian Authority69.83 46.75 42.50 43.17 39.25 27.00 159  Somalia71.50 51.25 59.00 43.50 45.00   160  Uzbekistan74.88 71.00 66.50 52.13 61.50 45.00 161  Laos75.00 67.50 66.50 64.33 94.83 89.00 162  Vietnam79.25 67.25 73.25 86.88 89.17 81.25 163  People's Republic of China (mainlandonly) 89.00 94.00 83.00 92.33 91.25 97.00 164  Myanmar93.75 94.75 88.83 103.63 95.50 96.83 165  Cuba96.17 95.00 87.00 106.83 97.83 90.25 166  Iran96.50 90.88 89.17 78.30 89.33 48.25 167  Turkmenistan103.75 98.50 93.50 99.83 82.83 91.50 168  North Korea108.75 109.00 109.00 107.50 99.50 97.50 169  Eritrea114.75 97.50 99.75 93.25 91.50 83.67

References

  1. ^ This is the official Chinese name on the official web site: Official Chinese Language website of RSF, accessed April 4, 2008
  2. ^ a b c Reporters sans frontières, RFO, 6 November 2006 (French)
  3. ^ European Parliament. Ladies, Ibrahim and Reporters joint Sakharov prize winners
  4. ^ Reporters sans frontières - Handbook for bloggers and cyber-dissidents
  5. ^ Reporters Without Borders. How the index was compiled
  6. ^ Income and expenditure
  7. ^ Z Magazine. The Reporters Without Borders Fraud
  8. ^ a b c Daniel Junqua, Reporters sans frontières, Le Monde diplomatique, August 2007 (French)
  9. ^ reporters sans frontières : liberté de la presse, contre la censure, information libre, défense des libertés
  10. ^ Atteintes à la liberté de la presse en Algérie, El Watan, 11 June 2005 (French)
  11. ^ http://www.rsf-chinese.org/spip.php?article59 rsf-chinese about page, paragraph 14
  12. ^ http://www.tfd.org.tw/english/about.php?id=en0101 TFD about page, paragraph 3
  13. ^ Jean-Noël Darde, Quand Robert Ménard, de RSF, légitime la torture, Rue 89, 26 August 2007 (French)
  14. ^ [1] Reporters without Borders, follows in Washington’s steps and legitimizes torture, Global Research, September 21, 2007
  15. ^ a b c Reporters Without Borders ordered to pay 6,000 euros to Korda’s heir over use of Che photo, RSF, March 10 2004
  16. ^ CounterPunch Reporters Without Borders Unmasked
  17. ^ Reporters Without BordersIncome and expenditure
  18. ^ "RSF y la foto del "Che"", BBC, 2004-03-11. (Spanish) 
  19. ^ Pedro de La Hoz, Ménard trasquilado - Tribunal francés prohíbe utilización espuria de imagen del Che en campaña mediática anticubana, Granma, 11 July 2003 (Spanish)
  20. ^ a b Quand Castro disparaîtra, France 5 (French)
  21. ^ Reporters sans frontières (2) - mobiliser médias et opinion, presentation of RWB by its delegate in Alsace, Corinne Cumerlato (French)
  22. ^ Reporters Without Borders suspended for one year from UN commission on human rights, Reporters Without Borders, 24 July 2003 (English) (URL accessed on 9 August 2007)
  23. ^ a b Trouble in Tibet Frontline Volume 25 - Issue 07 Mar. 29-Apr. 11, 2008
  24. ^ Why we take so much interest in Cuba
  25. ^ CounterPunch. Reporters Without Borders and Washington's Coups
  26. ^ Maurice Lemoine, Coups d’Etat sans frontières, Le Monde diplomatique, August 2002 (French) (Portuguese translation)
  27. ^ GMA NEWS.TV, Int'l groups slam attacks against broadcasters
  28. ^ Abs-Cbn Interactive, RWB calls for immediate arrest of Lintuan killers
  29. ^ YouTube - Palestinians Shoot At News Crew
  30. ^ Reporters Without Borders - Launch of Online Free Expression Day
  31. ^ UNESCO Statement on the withdrawal of patronage of the International day for freedom of expression on the internet
  32. ^ UNESCO withdraw patronage to Reporters Without Border

See also

Journalism Portal

External links

v • d • eSans Frontières/Without BordersNGOsBraille Without Borders · Chemists Without Borders · Écoles Sans Frontières · Engineers Without Borders · Lawyers Without Borders · Médecins Sans Frontières · Pharmaciens Sans Frontières · Reporters Without Borders · Sociologists Without Borders · Télécoms sans frontières
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Energy ( consumption • production • intensity) • Natural gas ( consumption • production • reserves • imports • exports) • Oil ( consumption • production • reserves • imports • exports) • Coal ( production • reserves) • Nuclear power • Uranium reserves • Renewable energy ( Hydropower) • Iron production • Steel production • Aluminium production • Zinc production • Automobile production • Industrial growth

Agriculture

Fishing • Milk production • Crops production ( Fruits • Sugar cane • Maize • Wheat • Rice • Potatoes • Sugar beet • Soybean • Barley )

Politics
Society

Freedom • Press freedom • Privacy • Perception of corruption • Bribe paying • Property rights • Economic freedom • Democracy • Globalization • Ease of doing business • Economic competitiveness • Date of formation • Legal drinking age • School leaving age • Abortion law • Homosexuality laws • Death penalty • Quality-of-life • Failed States • Student performance

Sports

Olympics ( medals • hosts) • FIFA World Cup ( winners • hosts) • FIFA World Rankings • Ice Hockey World Championship

Military

Size of armed forces • Number of active troops • Military expenditures • Possession of nuclear weapons • Exports of arms • UN peacekeepers currently deployed • Global Peace Index

Communication

Telephone lines • Television sets • Mobile phones • Internet users ( Broadband)  • E-readiness

Transport

Waterways • Merchant marine • Railways • Rail usage • Rapid transit systems • Roadways ( OECD)  • Vehicles • Road fatalities • Airports

Tourism

Tourist visits • World Heritage Sites

Environment

Carbon dioxide emissions (per capita) • Greenhouse gas emissions per capita • GDP per emissions • Sustainability • Environmental Performance • Happy Planet Index

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